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Hohenpeissenberg
-NO-
| Observation |
| Category |
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Air sampling observation |
| Situation |
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ongoing |
| Time zone |
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Local time +1 |
| Sampling |
| Sampling height |
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18 |
| Description |
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continuous |
| Sampling and analysis frequency |
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Continuous. Depending on LDL, the integration time varies from 30 seconds to 10 minutes. |
| Sampling environment |
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Hohenpeissenberg is an isolated mountain at 985 m a.s.l., 40 km north of Zugspitze (Alps) in a hilly area. The mountain rises 300m above the surrounding area, which is populated to an extent typical for central Europe and partly covered with meadows (~ 70%) and forests (~ 30%). The Meteorological Observatory situated on top of Hohenpeissenberg mountain has a long history of meteorological and climatological observations (since 1781) and is well-known for its long ozone record.
Main source for nitrogen oxides in central Europe is traffic exhaust. After several hours (noon, summer) to a couple of days (winter) nitrogen oxides are converted to higher oxides (HNO3) and removed by deposition processes. |
| Description for sampling analysis |
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1) NO-O3 chemoluminescence analyser (LDL: 15 ppt)
2) NO-O3 chemoluminescence analyser (LDL: 50 ppt)
High volume PFA inlet line (analyser 2), grounded and heated to 3°C above ambient air temperature to avoid condensation. Resindence time in inlet line < 3 sec.
Analyser 1)switches every 3 minutes between NO and NO.c mode (with photolytic converter PLC 760). Analyser 2) switches every 3 minutes between NO and NOy mode (self-built gold converter).
In 1995 (Jan.-Apr.) a TECAN CLD 700 AL (LDL ~ 1 ppb) and (Sept.-Dec.) a self built analyser (LDL ~ 0.1 ppb) was used.
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| Instrument and Analysis |
| Measurement method |
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Chemiluminescence |
| Current status and history of instrument |
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Jan.1995 - Apr.1995 : TECAN CLD 700 AL (LDL ~ 1 ppb)
Sep.1995 - Dec.1995 : a self built analyser (LDL ~ 0.1 ppb)
since Jan.1996 : ECO Physics CLD 770 AL ppt #77302
since Oct.1998 : second ECO Physics CLD AL ppt #77301
Manufacturer: ECO Physics GmbH, Switzerland |
| Description of instrument |
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For LDL of 15 ppt the integration time is 10 minutes, for LDL of 50 ppt the time resolution is 3 minutes. The instruments are linear over a wide range from LDL up to at least 100ppb.
For specific measurement without interferences the "prechamber mode" is used.
Pure O2 for generating ozone and a special reaction chamber design is used for enhancement of counting rates.
Analyzer 1)switches every 3 minutes between NO and NO.c mode (with photolytic converter PLC 760). Analyzer 2) switches every 3 minutes between NO and NOy mode (self-built gold converter).
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| Calibration |
| Current scale employed in the measurement |
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Certified NO in N2 in cylinders and dynamic dilution with synthetic air is used for calibration.
Station standard by NPL, different working standards by "Air Liquide".
Round Robin in European ACTRIS project with excellent agreement in 2012. |
| Measurement calibration |
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1/95-12/95 : Calibration and zero check was carried out once a week.
Since 1/96 : Calibration and zero check is carried out every second day.
Twice per year multi point calibration with at least 5 calibration points ranging from 2 to 100 ppb.
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| Scale and calibration(treasability) |
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standard gases:
NO(2.5), 10.36ppm, Air Liquide, #9153160001 , #7597B
NO(2.5), 102 ppm, Air Liquide, #05600200366 , #1056
NO2 , 10.9 ppm, Linde , # 257609020001 , #2517604
Inter comparison with other instruments:
1) NO-O3 chemiluminescence of Juelich Research Center (FZJ)in May 1998 with excellent agreement. The NO analyzer of FZJ is regularly compared to a NIST standard.
2) NO-O3 chemiluminescence of National Aerospace Center (DLR) in December 1999 with excellent agreement (also for NO2).
3) NO-O3 chemiluminescence of National Aerospace Center (DLR) in August 2002 with excellent agreement (also for NO2 and NOy).
4) NO-O3 chemiluminescence of Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz in August 2005 with excellent agreement (deviation < 1%). |
| Data Processing |
| Measurement unit |
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ppb |
| Data processing |
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The data acquisition system provides one minute mean raw data. Zero/calibration factors and data protocols are used to convert raw data into calibrated data. Invalid data caused by local impact, malfunction or other effects were recognized by comparison/correlation with other trace substances and meteorological data or with information from the station logbook and were rejected.
10 min mean values are generated by calculating the arithmetic mean of the remaining data with number of data being more than 6. |
| Processing for averaging |
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Processing for Hourly Data:
Hourly data take the arithmetic mean of respective one minute mean validated data with the number of data more than 40.
Processing for Daily Data:
Daily data take the arithmetic mean of respective hourly data with the number of hourly data more than 16.
Processing for Monthly Data:
Monthly data take the arithmetic mean of respective hourly data with the number of daily data more than 20 (for February more than 19, respectively). |
| Data flag |
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Only validated, representative data are sent to the WDCGG. |
| Data remarks |
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| Other Information |
| Scientific aim |
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Understanding of nitrogen cycle, tracer for anthropogenic impact, interpretation with respect to ozone formation. |
| Reference |
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Gilge, S., C. Plass-Duelmer, W. Fricke, A. Kaiser, L. Ries, B. Buchmann, and M. Steinbacher, Ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides time series at four alpine GAW mountain stations in central Europe, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 12295–12316, 2010 (doi:10.5194/acp-10-12295-2010).
Stefan Gilge, Measurement of reactive Trace Gases at Hohenpeissenberg as Part of GAW, in „The German Contribution to the WMO/GAW Program: Upon the 225th anniversary of GAW Hohenpeissenberg Observatory, ed. W.Fricke, GAW Report 169, 2006
http://www.dwd.de/gaw
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| submitted by Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg, German Meteorological Service |
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