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Sniezka
-NO2-
| Observation |
| Category |
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Air sampling observation |
| Situation |
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ongoing |
| Time zone |
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UTC |
| Sampling |
| Sampling height |
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+4.5 |
| Description |
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continuous |
| Sampling and analysis frequency |
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Sampling is done in daily intervals. |
| Sampling environment |
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The station is located on the top of Sniezka Mountain (1603m asl) in the "Karkonoski National Park" in the western part of the Sudety Mountains. There are no other buildings on the rocky top that has no vegetation.
The sources are located as follows:
- Wroclaw (big city with about 640 thousand inhabitants) 100km to NE direction,
- Walbrzych (industrial city with about 140 thousand inhabitants) 40 km to E direction,
- Jelenia Gora (city with about 95 thousand inhabitants) 20 km to N direction,
- Legnica (industrial city with about 100 thousand inhabitants) 65 km to NE direction.
- Prague ( capital of Czech Republic with about 1.2 mln inhabitants) 120km to SW direction.
- Hradec Kralove (city with about 37 thousand inhabitants) 60 km to S direction.
The prevailing winds are from W, NW and SW directions, with average annual speed 14m/sec.
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| Description for sampling analysis |
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A manual low-volume sampler for NO2 measurement is used. Sampling inlet is circular with 12cm diameter . It is made of PE and mounted at the height of 4.5m above the ground level.The total length of teflon tubing (ID=6mm) is 2.5m. The air flow rate is 0.5l/min and the total volume of daily sample amounts to 0.7m3.
A precision wet gas meter was used for measuring the sampled air volume until January 1993. Since then the air flow rate has been adjusted with use of a mass flow rate controller (ERG1000) calibrated by the producer once a year. The absorption efficiency is 80%.
The collected daily samples are stored in a refrigerator.
Analyses are performed in monthly series.
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| Instrument and Analysis |
| Measurement method |
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Light absorption analysis (VIS) |
| Current status and history of instrument |
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Spectrophotometer Specol 11 made by Carl Zeiss, Jena (German Democratic Republic) was used in period 1991-1995.
Since then spectrophotometer made by Hitachi, model U-1100,serial no. 0691-019 has been used. |
| Description of instrument |
: |
Spectrophotometer made by HITACHI, model U-1100 enables to achieve:
- analytical precision expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD):
1% at 0.304mgN-NO2/l
5.9% at 0.015mgN-NO2/l
- analytical detection limit: 0.008mgN-NO2/l
- measurement detection limit: 0.2µgN-NO2/m3 |
| Calibration |
| Current scale employed in the measurement |
: |
Scale of standards is prepared at the laboratory on Sniezka Mountain for each monthly series of collected daily samples. |
| Measurement calibration |
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Spectrophotomerical analytical method is calibrated with use of standard nitrite solutions having the concentrations in the range of 0.0 - 1.0µgNO2/ml when each monthly series of collected daily samples is analysed. The calibration curve includes from 7 to 9 points.
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| Scale and calibration(treasability) |
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Daily NO2 concentrations measured at the regional background air pollution monitoring station are below 50µgNO2/m3. Annual mean NO2 concentration calculated from the daily averages is much below 35µgNO2/m3, i.e. admissible value adopted by Polish Standard (March 2008) for national health resorts.
Participation in the EMEP field intercomparison of methods for measuring NO2 at Kleiner Feldberg, Germany (1993).
Taking part in EMEP laboratory intercomparisons of NO2 determination in several samples of synthetic aqueous solutions prepared by EMEP/CCC/NILU, Norway.
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| Data Processing |
| Measurement unit |
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µg/m3-20C, 1013hPa |
| Data processing |
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When the measured NO2 concentration is beyond the upper limit of the liner range of the calibration curve, the sample is appropriately diluted and reanalysed.
The raw daily data are stored in the data book and the data acquisition system.
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| Processing for averaging |
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Processing for Daily Data:
If the measured value is below the measurement detection limit i.e. 0.2µgN-NO2/m3, the half of this value is assumed.
Then the data are correlated with the meteorological data and with the information from the station logbook and other sources.
All incorrect and invalid daily data are rejected and marked in accordance with the appropriate codes specified in Data Reporting Manual of the WMO WDCGG (No.1), January 1991.
Processing for Monthly Data:
Arithmetic mean monthly values are calculated from valid daily data and are marked according to the appropriate codes for validation specified in Data Reporting Manual of the WMO WDCGG (No.1), January 1991 . |
| Data flag |
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Flags specified by WDCGG in Data Reporting Manual (WDCGG No1, January 1991) are used. |
| Data remarks |
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| Other Information |
| Scientific aim |
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To provide data for research and study to reveal long term trends in background NO2 concentrations in Poland in the framework of EMEP programme and for Polish State Environmental Monitoring System. |
| Reference |
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-"The EMEP Monitoring Strategy 2010-2019. Draft Revised Monitoring Strategy", ECE/EB.AIR/GE.1/2009/15
- EMEP Manual for Sampling and Chemical Analysis, EMEP/CCC-Report 1/95, O-7726, Norwegian Institute for Air Research
-web site addresses:
www.emep.int/emep_title.html
www.nilu.no/projects/ccc/index.html
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| submitted by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management |
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