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Pha Din
-O3-
| Observation |
| Category |
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Air sampling observation |
| Situation |
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ongoing |
| Time zone |
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UTC |
| Sampling |
| Sampling height |
: |
12 |
| Description |
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continuous |
| Sampling and analysis frequency |
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data are continuously recorded. |
| Sampling environment |
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Pha Din is located on a hill in north-western rural Viet Nam above the surrounding forests.
Population: No residents at the station except for the custodians. No relevant residential areas within 10-20 km, except for sparse individual farm houses. The closest farm house is located in 1 km distance in NE direction.
Land cover: Mountain hill area covered with forest. The station itself is above the canopy.
Possible influence of local and regional emissions: Occasional corn plant burning in March and April. Staff housing (gas cooking, electrical heating, occasional trash burning) is at the station. No coal power plants and other industrial activities in the region.
Prevailing wind directions: NE in winter and SW in summer.
Temperature: 25-30 ˚C in summer and down to 3 ˚C in winter. No snow or ice in winter.
Rainfall and humidity: The site is in clouds a considerable fraction of the year with a correspondingly high relative humidity all year long.
Access: Pha Din is reachable all year long via a paved mountain road (8 h by car from Ha Noi city via Son La). After heavy rainfalls the roads may be blocked due to landslides.
Facilities: The station represents a Level 3 NHMS meteorological station since September 2011 providing manual readings every 6 hours for wind and wind speed. The laboratory building provides air-conditioned laboratory space and also basic accommodation for station operators and guest researchers. The station is permanently occupied with 3 staff persons. |
| Description for sampling analysis |
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tubing material: PFA 1/4" OD; total inlet length approx. 19m; flow rate: 1 lpm; no drying prior to analysis. |
| Instrument and Analysis |
| Measurement method |
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Light absorption analysis (UV) |
| Current status and history of instrument |
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February 2014 until now: Thermo Scientific., TE49i, S/N: 1304556621 |
| Description of instrument |
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| Calibration |
| Current scale employed in the measurement |
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NIST (Standard Reference Photometer) |
| Measurement calibration |
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Instrument is equipped with an internal ozonator and an external zero air unit for the determination of the zero signal, span checks and maintenance such as performance tests of the internal valves. |
| Scale and calibration(treasability) |
: |
NIST SRP #15 (at WCC-Empa, Switzerland) |
| Data Processing |
| Measurement unit |
: |
ppb |
| Data processing |
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Quality assurance procedures involve time series plots and consistency checks. Data are given as mole fractions with respect to moist air, i.e. no sample drying was applied prior to analysis. Please refer to the standard literature and make use of the available meteorological data to convert the data from moist to dry air mole fractions.
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| Processing for averaging |
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Processing for Hourly Data:
high-resolution data are aggregated to 1min averages before hourly averages are calculated. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available 1min averages within the respective hour.
Processing for Daily Data:
hourly averages are aggregated to daily means. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available hourly averages within the respective day.
Processing for Monthly Data:
daily data are aggregated to monthly means. Thus, ND (the number of detections) refers to the number of available daily averages within the respective month. |
| Data flag |
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| Data remarks |
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| Other Information |
| Scientific aim |
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Long-term trend determination of background mole fractions in rural Vietnam. Influence of large-scale biomass burning on the level of greenhouse gases in rural Vietnam. |
| Reference |
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For a short summary see Trinh Lan Phuong and Duong Hoang Long, Greenhouse gases measurements in Viet Nam, in Asia-Pacific GAW on Greenhouse Gases Newsletter vol 5, 33 - 38, 2014. available at http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/The_5th_Asia_Pacifi_Newsletter_on_Greenhouse_Gases.pdf.
The observations are supported by the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss through the project Capacity Building and Twinning for Climate Observing Systems (CATCOS) between the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and MeteoSwiss.
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| submitted by Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research / Vietnamese National Hydrometeorological Service |
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